-
1 for
fo: 1. preposition1) (to be given or sent to: This letter is for you.) til, for2) (towards; in the direction of: We set off for London.) til, i retning av3) (through a certain time or distance: for three hours; for three miles.) i4) (in order to have, get, be etc: He asked me for some money; Go for a walk.) om5) (in return; as payment: He paid $2 for his ticket.) for6) (in order to be prepared: He's getting ready for the journey.) til7) (representing: He is the member of parliament for Hull.) for8) (on behalf of: Will you do it for me?) for9) (in favour of: Are you for or against the plan?) for10) (because of: for this reason.) av, på grunn av11) (having a particular purpose: She gave me money for the bus fare.) for, til12) (indicating an ability or an attitude to: a talent for baking; an ear for music.) for13) (as being: They mistook him for someone else.) for14) (considering what is used in the case of: It is quite warm for January (= considering that it is January when it is usually cold).) til å være15) (in spite of: For all his money, he didn't seem happy.) trass i, (til) tross (for)2. conjunction(because: It must be late, for I have been here a long time.) forav--------for--------tilIprep. \/fɔː\/, trykksvak: \/fə\/1) for2) (om destinasjon, retning) til, i retning av• where is the train for London?3) til4) (beregnet) for, til (å), for5) mot, (i stedet) for, for6) på grunn av, som en følge av, for... skyld, av, for• when she saw her home town, she cried for joyda hun så hjembyen sin, gråt hun av gledespaserturen gjorde deg godt \/ du ser bedre ut etter turen din7) for, for å få, for å hente, etter, om, på8) (som representant) for, som i9) for, til forsvar for, til fordel for• are you for the plan or against it?10) for, til... å være, som... betraktet11) tross, trass i, til tross (for)til tross for alle pengene, var han likevel ulykkelig12) med tanke på, angående, med hensyn til, når det gjelder, i spørsmål om, ihan kunne like gjerne gått opp i røyk, så sporløst som han forsvant13) for, mot14) som, for, til• what did you do that for?15) på, på noens vegne, på noens regning, for16) til• for sale17) pålydende, på• a bill for £100• put my name down for £5018) ( om tidsrom) på, i, for, til19) ( om avstand) ii flere kilometer, på flere kilometers avstandact for oneself handle på egen hånd, handle selvstendigas for når det gjelder, med tanke på, hva... angårbe (all) for være (helt) for, stemme for, gå inn for, være stemt forfor all så vidt, for detfor as much as ettersom, i betraktning av atfor instance\/example for eksempelfor now for øyeblikket, foreløpig, for denne gang, i denne omgangfor one for min\/din\/sin delfor one thing for det første, for eksempelfor someone\/something to for noe(n) (til) åfor at noe skal...det er vanlig at menn gjør sånt \/ menn pleier å gjøre sånt• it is a mistake for children to be allowed to...det er galt at barn for lov til å...for to ( gammeldags eller dialekt) for åknow for certain vite med sikkerhet, være sikker påleave someone for dead forlate noen i troen på at vedkommende er død, forlate noen som dødlook\/judge for oneself dømme selv, se selvnot for me ingenting for meg• not for me a life in poverty!now for it! nå gjelder det!, til saken!now you're for it! ( hverdagslig) nå skal du få!, nå har jeg deg!oh for... jeg har så lyst på...be one for something like noe, være glad i noeso much for that det var det!, nok av\/om det!there's\/that's... for you (hverdagslig, spøkefullt) snakk om..., da kan man snakke om...there's nothing for it but to... det er ikke annet å gjøre enn å..., det er ingen annen råd enn å...what did... do that for? ( hverdagslig) hvorfor gjorde... det?what's this for? ( hverdagslig) hva brukes dette til? hva skal dette være godt for?IIkonj. \/fɔː\/, trykksvak: \/fə\/for• I asked her to stay, for I had something to tell herjeg ba henne om å bli, for jeg hadde noe å si henne -
2 titulus
tĭtŭlus, i (collat. form, n.:I.HOC TITVLVM,
Inscr. Fabr. 8, 47; Inscr. Cardin. Dipl. 22), m. [root ti- of tinô, timaô], a superscription, inscription, label, litle; a ticket, bill, placard, notice that a thing is to be sold or let (syn. index).Lit. (esp. freq. after the Aug. per.):II.aram condidit dedicavitque cum ingenti rerum ab se gestarum titulo,
Liv. 28, 46, 16:virtutes in aevum Per titulos memoresque fastos Aeternet,
Hor. C. 4, 14, 4: dant munera templis;Addunt et titulum: titulus breve carmen habebat,
Ov. M. 9, 793:cumque ducum titulis oppida capta legat,
id. Tr. 4, 2, 20: titulus nomenque libelli. Ov. R. Am. 1:librorum,
Quint. 2, 14, 4:titulum scribere,
Col. 9, praef. §2: quorum titulus per barbara colla pependit,
i. e. of slaves put up for sale, Prop. 4, 5, 51: paterae, quas cum titulo nominis Camilli ante Capitolium constat positas esse, Liv. 6, 4, 3:signa cum titulo lamnae aëneae inscripto,
id. 23, 19, 18:patrem familias canibus objecit, cum hoc titulo,
Suet. Dom. 10:cras bibet aliquid, cujus patriam titulumque senectus delevit,
Juv. 5, 34:sepulcri,
epitaph, id. 6, 230; cf.:cinerem sine titulo, sine nomine jacere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 3; so of an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3:domus proscribebatur, si quis emere, si quis conducere vellet: venit Athenodorus, legit titulum auditoque pretio, etc.,
the bill, the notice of sale, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7; cf. poet.:ite sub titulum lares,
Tib. 2, 4, 54:sub titulum nostros misit lares,
Ov. R. Am. 302.—Transf.A.Like our title for an honorable appellation, title of honor, glory:B.sustinere titulum consulatus,
Cic. Pis. 9, 19:quos si titulus hic (sapientis) delectat,
id. Tusc. 5, 10, 30:servatae pubis Achivae,
Ov. M. 7, 56:qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 17; id. C. 4, 14, 4; id. S. 2, 3, 212:et domus est titulis utraque fulta suis,
Prop. 4 (5), 11, 32; Ov. F. 2, 16; 1, 602; id. M. 7, 448; 12, 334.—Repute, renown, fame:C. D.par titulo tantae gloriae fuit,
Liv. 7, 1, 10; Stat. S. 2, 7, 62:prioris perpetrati belli titulus,
Liv. 28, 41, 3; cf.:quid in purpurā istā aliud quam victoriarum mearum titulos geris?
Just. 18, 7, 13:titulo Spartanae victoriae inflatus,
Curt. 10, 10, 14:captae urbis titulo cedens,
id. 6, 6, 33.—A cause or reason alleged, a pretence, pretext (so perh. not ante-Aug.; cf.:E.causa, nomen): non vos pro Graeciae libertate tantum dimicare: quamquam is quoque egregius titulus esset, etc.,
Liv. 36, 17, 13:praetendere titulum belli,
id. 37, 54, 13:honestiorem causam libertatis quam servitutis praetexi titulo,
id. 34, 59, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.:sub titulo aequandarum legum nostra jura oppressa,
id. 3, 67, 9:sub honorificentissimo ministerii titulo,
Vell. 2, 45, 4:ipse (probabatur) accepisse HS. decem milia foedissimo quidem titulo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 23:transfugae titulo Babyloniam proficiscitur,
Just. 1, 10, 16:erat hic quidem titulus cum Graecis coëundi,
id. 5, 1, 8; 11, 10, 10; 15, 4, 13:titulum sollemnis officii occulto sceleri praeferentes,
Curt. 5, 10, 12:titulus facinori speciosus praeferebatur,
id. 7, 5, 20. —The title of a book (post-Aug.; cf.index): M. Tullius in ipsis librorum quos hac de re primum scripserat titulis,
Quint. 2, 14, 4:materiam (libri) ex titulo cognosces,
Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 3:cui vix voluminum suorum frontes maxime placent titulique,
Sen. Tranq. 9, 6. -
3 vaenundo
vēnum-do or vēnun-do ( vaen-; also separately, vēnum do, v. infra), dĕdi, dătum, 1, v. a. [2. venus-do, whence also vendo, by contraction], to sell, used chiefly of the sale of captured slaves (not in Cic.) hostes praeter senatores omnes venumdati sunt, Liv. 4, 29, 4:multitudo alia civium Campanorum venum data,
id. 26, 16, 6:Numidae puberes interfecti, alii omnes venundati,
Sall. J. 91, 6:captivos,
Suet. Aug. 21; Tac. A. 14, 33; 13, 39; id. H. 1, 68; id. Agr. 28; Flor. 4, 12, 52: tuque, o Minoa venundata Scylla figura, tondes, etc., sold for, i. e. bribed by, Prop. 3, 19 (4, 18), 21:sententiam,
to put up for sale, Tac. A. 11, 22 fin. —In tmesi: se venum a principibus datos Poeno,
Liv. 24, 47, 6:praedam venum aut dono datum,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 17 Dietsch. -
4 venum do
vēnum-do or vēnun-do ( vaen-; also separately, vēnum do, v. infra), dĕdi, dătum, 1, v. a. [2. venus-do, whence also vendo, by contraction], to sell, used chiefly of the sale of captured slaves (not in Cic.) hostes praeter senatores omnes venumdati sunt, Liv. 4, 29, 4:multitudo alia civium Campanorum venum data,
id. 26, 16, 6:Numidae puberes interfecti, alii omnes venundati,
Sall. J. 91, 6:captivos,
Suet. Aug. 21; Tac. A. 14, 33; 13, 39; id. H. 1, 68; id. Agr. 28; Flor. 4, 12, 52: tuque, o Minoa venundata Scylla figura, tondes, etc., sold for, i. e. bribed by, Prop. 3, 19 (4, 18), 21:sententiam,
to put up for sale, Tac. A. 11, 22 fin. —In tmesi: se venum a principibus datos Poeno,
Liv. 24, 47, 6:praedam venum aut dono datum,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 17 Dietsch. -
5 venumdo
vēnum-do or vēnun-do ( vaen-; also separately, vēnum do, v. infra), dĕdi, dătum, 1, v. a. [2. venus-do, whence also vendo, by contraction], to sell, used chiefly of the sale of captured slaves (not in Cic.) hostes praeter senatores omnes venumdati sunt, Liv. 4, 29, 4:multitudo alia civium Campanorum venum data,
id. 26, 16, 6:Numidae puberes interfecti, alii omnes venundati,
Sall. J. 91, 6:captivos,
Suet. Aug. 21; Tac. A. 14, 33; 13, 39; id. H. 1, 68; id. Agr. 28; Flor. 4, 12, 52: tuque, o Minoa venundata Scylla figura, tondes, etc., sold for, i. e. bribed by, Prop. 3, 19 (4, 18), 21:sententiam,
to put up for sale, Tac. A. 11, 22 fin. —In tmesi: se venum a principibus datos Poeno,
Liv. 24, 47, 6:praedam venum aut dono datum,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 17 Dietsch. -
6 venundo
vēnum-do or vēnun-do ( vaen-; also separately, vēnum do, v. infra), dĕdi, dătum, 1, v. a. [2. venus-do, whence also vendo, by contraction], to sell, used chiefly of the sale of captured slaves (not in Cic.) hostes praeter senatores omnes venumdati sunt, Liv. 4, 29, 4:multitudo alia civium Campanorum venum data,
id. 26, 16, 6:Numidae puberes interfecti, alii omnes venundati,
Sall. J. 91, 6:captivos,
Suet. Aug. 21; Tac. A. 14, 33; 13, 39; id. H. 1, 68; id. Agr. 28; Flor. 4, 12, 52: tuque, o Minoa venundata Scylla figura, tondes, etc., sold for, i. e. bribed by, Prop. 3, 19 (4, 18), 21:sententiam,
to put up for sale, Tac. A. 11, 22 fin. —In tmesi: se venum a principibus datos Poeno,
Liv. 24, 47, 6:praedam venum aut dono datum,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 17 Dietsch. -
7 תקן
תְּקֵןch. sam(תקןto make straight, firm, right), to be firm, stand (corresp. to b. h. כּוּן, כָּנַן). Targ. Ps. 90:17 יִתְקְנַן ed. Ven. (Ms. יְתַקְנַן; ed. Wil. יִתּקְּנוּן Ithpa.). Targ. Prov. 22:18 נִיתְקְנִין (ed. Wil. נִתּקְּנוּן Ithpa.). Pa. תַּקֵּין 1) to establish. Targ. Ps. 9:8. Ib. 74:16 Ms. (ed. Af.). Targ. Is. 62:7. Targ. 2 Sam. 7:12; a. fr.Part. pass. מְתַקַּן. Targ. Jdg. 16:26 (not … קֵן). Targ. Ps. 89:38 (ed. Lag. מִיתַּקַּן Ithpa.); a. e. 2) to prepare, arrange, set in order; to improve, do a thing properly. Targ. Is. 40:13 (h. text תכן). Targ. O. Ex. 16:5. Targ. Prov. 6:8. Targ. Ps. 11:2; a. e.Targ. O. Deut. 12:5, read with ed. Berl. יִתָּקַן.Part. pass. as ab. Targ. Ez. 16:13 (not … קֵן). Ib. 18:12; a. fr.Keth.112a bot. מְתַקֵּן מתקליה repaired its offences (dangerous places on the road to Palestine); Yalk. Ps. 855. Tam.27b תַּקֵּין נפשך put thyself in order (regulate thy bowels). Sabb.33b איזיל אֲתַקֵּין מילתא I will go and remedy something (do something to benefit the community). Ib. איכא מילתא דבעי לתַקּוּנֵי is there anything that requires to be remedied? Zeb.15a אפשר לתַקּוּנָהּ it can be remedied. Ib. 76b תַּקּוּנֵי גברא שאני when a person is to be made fit (restored from a disqualification), we make an exception; Men.105b. Keth.85a, a fr. לתקוני שדרתיך, v. עֲוַת; a. fr.Esp. to make fit for use by separating the priestly gifts. Gen. R. s. 60 תַּקְּנַת איליןוכ׳ hast thou tithed those figs? Ib. תַּקַּנְתּוּהוּ have you tithed it (the barley)?; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. אפשר … דלא מְתַקְּנַן is it possible that R. Z. should have eaten of them when they were not tithed?; a. fr. 3) to introduce, ordain, innovate, reform. Ber.33b אי לאו … ותַקְּנִינְהוּ בתפלהוכ׳ were it not that Moses had said them (the words, ‘O God, great, mighty and terrible), and the men of the Great Assembly had come and introduced them in the prayers, we could not dare to say them. Ib. תמני סרי תַּקּוּןוכ׳ eighteen benedictions they have ordained, nineteen they have not. Ib. 40b ברכה דלא תַקִּינוּ רבנן a benediction which the Rabbis have not introduced. B. Bath.90b רב פפא … ת׳ כיילאוכ׳ Rab Papa … introduced a measure of three Ḳfizas. Ib. אנא … תַּקִּינִי I have introduced a new measure; a. v. fr. Af. אַתְקֵין 1) to establish. Targ. Prov. 3:19. Targ. Is. 30:33; a. e. 2) to prepare, arrange, set in order (V. Pa.). Targ. Num. 10:33. Targ. Gen. 43:16. Targ. Ex. 30:7; a. fr. 3) to introduce, ordain, innovate, reform. R. Hash. 34a איתקיןר׳ אבהווכ׳ (read: אַתְ׳; Ms. M. הִתְקִין Hebr.) R. A. introduced the custom in Cæsaræa of sounding one Tḳiʿah, three notes of Shbarim, and one Tḳiʿah. Ib. מאי א׳ what has he improved (what has he achieved with his ordinance)? Gitt.86a א׳ רב יהודהוכ׳ Rab Judah introduced the formula for the sale of slaves: ‘this slave Y.Hag. I, 76c ר׳ יודה … למַתְקְנָא לוןוכ׳ (or למְתַקְּנָא, Pa.) R. Judah the Nasi sent out R. H …, that they should pass the towns … to institute teachers of Bible and of Mishnah for them; Midr. Till. to Ps. 127; Lam. R. introd., beg. דיפקון ויַתְקְנוּן קרייתאוכ׳ (or ויתַקְּנוּן) that they should go and improve (the education of) the towns in Palestine; a. fr. Ithpa. אִתַּקֵּין, אִיתַּקַּן; Ithpe. אִיתְּקֵין, אִיתְ׳ 1) to be established, confirmed; to be prepared, arranged. Targ. 1 Kings 2:46. Targ. Prov. 12:19. Ib. 19:29 (ed. Wil. מְתַ׳, part. pass. Pa.); a. fr. 2) to be prepared, dressed; to dress, adorn ones self. Targ. Hos. 2:15. Targ. II Esth. 5:1; a. fr. 3) to be instituted, ordained. B. Kam.82a עזרא תיקן … מִיתַּקְּנָא Ezra introduced this? was it not introduced before that (by Moses)?; a. e. -
8 תְּקֵן
תְּקֵןch. sam(תקןto make straight, firm, right), to be firm, stand (corresp. to b. h. כּוּן, כָּנַן). Targ. Ps. 90:17 יִתְקְנַן ed. Ven. (Ms. יְתַקְנַן; ed. Wil. יִתּקְּנוּן Ithpa.). Targ. Prov. 22:18 נִיתְקְנִין (ed. Wil. נִתּקְּנוּן Ithpa.). Pa. תַּקֵּין 1) to establish. Targ. Ps. 9:8. Ib. 74:16 Ms. (ed. Af.). Targ. Is. 62:7. Targ. 2 Sam. 7:12; a. fr.Part. pass. מְתַקַּן. Targ. Jdg. 16:26 (not … קֵן). Targ. Ps. 89:38 (ed. Lag. מִיתַּקַּן Ithpa.); a. e. 2) to prepare, arrange, set in order; to improve, do a thing properly. Targ. Is. 40:13 (h. text תכן). Targ. O. Ex. 16:5. Targ. Prov. 6:8. Targ. Ps. 11:2; a. e.Targ. O. Deut. 12:5, read with ed. Berl. יִתָּקַן.Part. pass. as ab. Targ. Ez. 16:13 (not … קֵן). Ib. 18:12; a. fr.Keth.112a bot. מְתַקֵּן מתקליה repaired its offences (dangerous places on the road to Palestine); Yalk. Ps. 855. Tam.27b תַּקֵּין נפשך put thyself in order (regulate thy bowels). Sabb.33b איזיל אֲתַקֵּין מילתא I will go and remedy something (do something to benefit the community). Ib. איכא מילתא דבעי לתַקּוּנֵי is there anything that requires to be remedied? Zeb.15a אפשר לתַקּוּנָהּ it can be remedied. Ib. 76b תַּקּוּנֵי גברא שאני when a person is to be made fit (restored from a disqualification), we make an exception; Men.105b. Keth.85a, a fr. לתקוני שדרתיך, v. עֲוַת; a. fr.Esp. to make fit for use by separating the priestly gifts. Gen. R. s. 60 תַּקְּנַת איליןוכ׳ hast thou tithed those figs? Ib. תַּקַּנְתּוּהוּ have you tithed it (the barley)?; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. אפשר … דלא מְתַקְּנַן is it possible that R. Z. should have eaten of them when they were not tithed?; a. fr. 3) to introduce, ordain, innovate, reform. Ber.33b אי לאו … ותַקְּנִינְהוּ בתפלהוכ׳ were it not that Moses had said them (the words, ‘O God, great, mighty and terrible), and the men of the Great Assembly had come and introduced them in the prayers, we could not dare to say them. Ib. תמני סרי תַּקּוּןוכ׳ eighteen benedictions they have ordained, nineteen they have not. Ib. 40b ברכה דלא תַקִּינוּ רבנן a benediction which the Rabbis have not introduced. B. Bath.90b רב פפא … ת׳ כיילאוכ׳ Rab Papa … introduced a measure of three Ḳfizas. Ib. אנא … תַּקִּינִי I have introduced a new measure; a. v. fr. Af. אַתְקֵין 1) to establish. Targ. Prov. 3:19. Targ. Is. 30:33; a. e. 2) to prepare, arrange, set in order (V. Pa.). Targ. Num. 10:33. Targ. Gen. 43:16. Targ. Ex. 30:7; a. fr. 3) to introduce, ordain, innovate, reform. R. Hash. 34a איתקיןר׳ אבהווכ׳ (read: אַתְ׳; Ms. M. הִתְקִין Hebr.) R. A. introduced the custom in Cæsaræa of sounding one Tḳiʿah, three notes of Shbarim, and one Tḳiʿah. Ib. מאי א׳ what has he improved (what has he achieved with his ordinance)? Gitt.86a א׳ רב יהודהוכ׳ Rab Judah introduced the formula for the sale of slaves: ‘this slave Y.Hag. I, 76c ר׳ יודה … למַתְקְנָא לוןוכ׳ (or למְתַקְּנָא, Pa.) R. Judah the Nasi sent out R. H …, that they should pass the towns … to institute teachers of Bible and of Mishnah for them; Midr. Till. to Ps. 127; Lam. R. introd., beg. דיפקון ויַתְקְנוּן קרייתאוכ׳ (or ויתַקְּנוּן) that they should go and improve (the education of) the towns in Palestine; a. fr. Ithpa. אִתַּקֵּין, אִיתַּקַּן; Ithpe. אִיתְּקֵין, אִיתְ׳ 1) to be established, confirmed; to be prepared, arranged. Targ. 1 Kings 2:46. Targ. Prov. 12:19. Ib. 19:29 (ed. Wil. מְתַ׳, part. pass. Pa.); a. fr. 2) to be prepared, dressed; to dress, adorn ones self. Targ. Hos. 2:15. Targ. II Esth. 5:1; a. fr. 3) to be instituted, ordained. B. Kam.82a עזרא תיקן … מִיתַּקְּנָא Ezra introduced this? was it not introduced before that (by Moses)?; a. e.
См. также в других словарях:
Arguments for and against drug prohibition — Arguments about the prohibition of drugs, and over drug policy reform, are subjects of considerable controversy. The following is a presentation of major drug policy arguments, including those for drug law enforcement on one side of the debate,… … Wikipedia
Scramble for Africa — For the book by Thomas Pakenham, see Thomas Pakenham (historian)#The Scramble for Africa. For information on the colonization of Africa prior to the 1880s, including Carthaginian and early European colonization, see Colonization of Africa. The… … Wikipedia
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals — PETA redirects here. For other uses, see Peta (disambiguation). Founder(s) Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco … Wikipedia
France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… … Universalium
Native Americans in the United States — This article is about the indigenous people of the United States. For other indigenous people see Indigenous peoples by geographic regions Native Americans … Wikipedia
Media and Publishing — ▪ 2007 Introduction The Frankfurt Book Fair enjoyed a record number of exhibitors, and the distribution of free newspapers surged. TV broadcasters experimented with ways of engaging their audience via the Internet; mobile TV grew; magazine… … Universalium
Lundy — This article is about the island of Lundy, which is part of England. For other uses, see Lundy (disambiguation). Lundy Site of Special Scientific Interest Area of Search … Wikipedia
Monks Risborough — Coordinates: 51°44′04″N 0°49′47″W / 51.734462°N 0.829831°W / 51.734462; 0.829831 … Wikipedia
Timeline of Birmingham history — This article is intended to show a timeline of events in the History of Birmingham, England, with a particular focus on the events, people or places that are covered in Wikipedia articles.Pre Norman invasion* 1200 BC: Radiocarbon date of charcoal … Wikipedia
The Philadelphia Inquirer — Infobox Newspaper name = caption = The paper s January 9, 2008 front page type = Daily newspaper format = Broadsheet foundation = June 1, 1829 (as The Pennsylvania Inquirer ) price = USD 0.75 Monday Saturday USD 1.50 Sunday owners = Philadelphia… … Wikipedia
The Legend of Nigger Charley — Infobox Film name = The Legend of Nigger Charley director = Martin Goldman producer = Larry Spangler writer = James Warner Bellah (story), Martin Goldman, Larry Spangler starring = Fred Williamson, D Urville Martin, Don Pedro Colley, Gertrude… … Wikipedia